There is no reason to retry the operation if a session error had
occurred in such case result structure isn't filled out.
Fixes: dff58530c4 ("NFSv4.1: fix handling of backchannel binding in BIND_CONN_TO_SESSION")
Signed-off-by: Olga Kornievskaia <kolga@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
When a task is being retried, due to an NFS error, if the assigned
transport has been put offline and the task is relocatable pick a new
transport.
Fixes: 6f081693e7 ("sunrpc: remove an offlined xprt using sysfs")
Signed-off-by: Olga Kornievskaia <kolga@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
To move the list iterator variable into the list_for_each_entry_*()
macro in the future it should be avoided to use the list iterator
variable after the loop body.
To *never* use the list iterator variable after the loop it was
concluded to use a separate iterator variable instead of a
found boolean [1].
This removes the need to use a found variable and simply checking if
the variable was set, can determine if the break/goto was hit.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wgRr_D8CB-D9Kg-c=EHreAsk5SqXPwr9Y7k9sA6cWXJ6w@mail.gmail.com/
Signed-off-by: Jakob Koschel <jakobkoschel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Do not reset IP_CT_TCP_FLAG_BE_LIBERAL flag in out-of-sync scenarios
coming before the TCP window tracking, otherwise such connections will
fail in the window check.
Update tcp_options() to leave this flag in place and add a new helper
function to reset the tcp window state.
Based on patch from Sven Auhagen.
Fixes: c4832c7bbc ("netfilter: nf_ct_tcp: improve out-of-sync situation in TCP tracking")
Tested-by: Sven Auhagen <sven.auhagen@voleatech.de>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
Otherwise packets in egress chains seem like they are being received by
the interface, not sent out via it.
Fixes: 42df6e1d22 ("netfilter: Introduce egress hook")
Signed-off-by: Phil Sutter <phil@nwl.cc>
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
This was introduced with the message ring opcode, but isn't strictly
required for the request itself. The sender can encode what is needed
in user_data, which is passed to the receiver. It's unclear if having
a separate flag that essentially says "This CQE did not originate from
an SQE on this ring" provides any real utility to applications. While
we can always re-introduce a flag to provide this information, we cannot
take it away at a later point in time.
Remove the flag while we still can, before it's in a released kernel.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Select HAVE_ARCH_NODEDATA_EXTENSION for loongson64 to fix build error
when CONFIG_NUMA=y:
mips64el-unknown-linux-gnu-ld: mm/page_alloc.o: in function `free_area_init':
(.init.text+0x1714): undefined reference to `node_data'
mips64el-unknown-linux-gnu-ld: (.init.text+0x1730): undefined reference to `node_data'
Also, select HAVE_ARCH_NODEDATA_EXTENSION for sgi-ip27 to fix build error:
mips64el-unknown-linux-gnu-ld: mm/page_alloc.o: in function `free_area_init':
page_alloc.c:(.init.text+0x1ba8): undefined reference to `node_data'
mips64el-unknown-linux-gnu-ld: page_alloc.c:(.init.text+0x1bcc): undefined reference to `node_data'
mips64el-unknown-linux-gnu-ld: page_alloc.c:(.init.text+0x1be4): undefined reference to `node_data'
mips64el-unknown-linux-gnu-ld: page_alloc.c:(.init.text+0x1bf4): undefined reference to `node_data'
Signed-off-by: Feiyang Chen <chenfeiyang@loongson.cn>
Reviewed-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
To quote Linus:
"EVERYBODY should have CONFIG_WERROR=y on at least x86-64 and other
serious architectures, unless you have some completely random
experimental (and broken) compiler.
New compiler warnings are not acceptable."
So this should make at least the most obvious and common ones not go
unnoticed.
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/YjsCpoRK7W4l6tSh@zn.tnic
Patch series "kcov: improve mmap processing", v3.
Subsequent mmaps of the same kcov descriptor currently do not update the
virtual memory of the task and yet return 0 (success). This is
counter-intuitive and may lead to unexpected memory access errors.
Also, this unnecessarily limits the functionality of kcov to only the
simplest usage scenarios. Kcov instances are effectively forever attached
to their first address spaces and it becomes impossible to e.g. reuse the
same kcov handle in forked child processes without mmapping the memory
first. This is exactly what we tried to do in syzkaller and inadvertently
came upon this behavior.
This patch series addresses the problem described above.
This patch (of 3):
Currently all ioctls are de facto processed under a spinlock in order to
serialise them. This, however, prohibits the use of vmalloc and other
memory management functions in the implementations of those ioctls,
unnecessary complicating any further changes to the code.
Let all ioctls first be processed inside the kcov_ioctl() function which
should execute the ones that are not compatible with spinlock and then
pass control to kcov_ioctl_locked() for all other ones.
KCOV_REMOTE_ENABLE is processed both in kcov_ioctl() and
kcov_ioctl_locked() as the steps are easily separable.
Although it is still compatible with a spinlock, move KCOV_INIT_TRACE
handling to kcov_ioctl(), so that the changes from the next commit are
easier to follow.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220117153634.150357-1-nogikh@google.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220117153634.150357-2-nogikh@google.com
Signed-off-by: Aleksandr Nogikh <nogikh@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Taras Madan <tarasmadan@google.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The panic_print setting allows users to collect more information in a
panic event, like memory stats, tasks, CPUs backtraces, etc. This is an
interesting debug mechanism, but currently the print event happens *after*
kmsg_dump(), meaning that pstore, for example, cannot collect a dmesg with
the panic_print extra information.
This patch changes that in 2 steps:
(a) The panic_print setting allows to replay the existing kernel log
buffer to the console (bit 5), besides the extra information dump.
This functionality makes sense only at the end of the panic()
function. So, we hereby allow to distinguish the two situations by a
new boolean parameter in the function panic_print_sys_info().
(b) With the above change, we can safely call panic_print_sys_info()
before kmsg_dump(), allowing to dump the extra information when using
pstore or other kmsg dumpers.
The additional messages from panic_print could overwrite the oldest
messages when the buffer is full. The only reasonable solution is to use
a large enough log buffer, hence we added an advice into the kernel
parameters documentation about that.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220214141308.841525-1-gpiccoli@igalia.com
Signed-off-by: Guilherme G. Piccoli <gpiccoli@igalia.com>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently the "panic_print" parameter/sysctl allows some interesting debug
information to be printed during a panic event. This is useful for
example in cases the user cannot kdump due to resource limits, or if the
user collects panic logs in a serial output (or pstore) and prefers a fast
reboot instead of a kdump.
Happens that currently there's no way to see all CPUs backtraces in a
panic using "panic_print" on architectures that support that. We do have
"oops_all_cpu_backtrace" sysctl, but although partially overlapping in the
functionality, they are orthogonal in nature: "panic_print" is a panic
tuning (and we have panics without oopses, like direct calls to panic() or
maybe other paths that don't go through oops_enter() function), and the
original purpose of "oops_all_cpu_backtrace" is to provide more
information on oopses for cases in which the users desire to continue
running the kernel even after an oops, i.e., used in non-panic scenarios.
So, we hereby introduce an additional bit for "panic_print" to allow
dumping the CPUs backtraces during a panic event.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211109202848.610874-3-gpiccoli@igalia.com
Signed-off-by: Guilherme G. Piccoli <gpiccoli@igalia.com>
Reviewed-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Iurii Zaikin <yzaikin@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Samuel Iglesias Gonsalvez <siglesias@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
make clang-analyzer on x86_64 defconfig caught my attention with:
kernel/taskstats.c:120:2: warning: Value stored to 'rc' is never read \
[clang-analyzer-deadcode.DeadStores]
rc = 0;
^
Commit d94a041519 ("taskstats: free skb, avoid returns in
send_cpu_listeners") made send_cpu_listeners() not return a value and
hence, the rc variable remained only to be used within the loop where
it is always assigned before read and it does not need any other
initialisation.
So, simply remove this unneeded dead initializing assignment.
As compilers will detect this unneeded assignment and optimize this anyway,
the resulting object code is identical before and after this change.
No functional change. No change to object code.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: reduce scope of `rc']
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220307093942.21310-1-lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Tom Rix <trix@redhat.com>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The put_user(val,ptr) macro wants a pointer to a simple type, but in
fat_ioctl_filldir() the d_name field references an "array of chars". Be
more accurate and explicitly give the pointer to the first character of
the d_name[] array.
I noticed that issue while trying to optimize the parisc put_user()
macro and used an intermediate variable to store the pointer. In that
case I got this error:
In file included from include/linux/uaccess.h:11,
from include/linux/compat.h:17,
from fs/fat/dir.c:18:
fs/fat/dir.c: In function `fat_ioctl_filldir':
fs/fat/dir.c:725:33: error: invalid initializer
725 | if (put_user(0, d2->d_name) || \
| ^~
include/asm/uaccess.h:152:33: note: in definition of macro `__put_user'
152 | __typeof__(ptr) __ptr = ptr; \
| ^~~
fs/fat/dir.c:759:1: note: in expansion of macro `FAT_IOCTL_FILLDIR_FUNC'
759 | FAT_IOCTL_FILLDIR_FUNC(fat_ioctl_filldir, __fat_dirent)
Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org> suggested to use
__typeof__(&*(ptr)) __ptr = ptr;
instead. This works, but nevertheless it's probably reasonable to fix
the original caller too.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/Ygo+A9MREmC1H3kr@p100
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Acked-by: OGAWA Hirofumi <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp>
Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@aculab.com>
Cc: Andreas Schwab <schwab@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Testcase:
1. create a minix file system and mount it
2. open a file on the file system with O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_DIRECT
3. open fails with -EINVAL but leaves an empty file behind. All other
open() failures don't leave the failed open files behind.
It is hard to check the direct_IO op before creating the inode. Just as
ext4 and btrfs do, this patch will resolve the issue by allowing to
create the file with O_DIRECT but returning error when writing the file.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220107133626.413379-1-qhjin.dev@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Qinghua Jin <qhjin.dev@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Right now, kcalloc is used to allocate a pipe_buffer array. The size of
the pipe_buffer struct is 40 bytes. kcalloc allows allocating reliably
chunks with sizes less or equal to PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER (3). It
means that the maximum pipe size is 3.2MB in this case.
In CRIU, we use pipes to dump processes memory. CRIU freezes a target
process, injects a parasite code into it and then this code splices
memory into pipes. If a maximum pipe size is small, we need to do many
iterations or create many pipes.
kvcalloc attempt to allocate physically contiguous memory, but upon
failure, fall back to non-contiguous (vmalloc) allocation and so it
isn't limited by PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER.
The maximum pipe size for non-root users is limited by the
/proc/sys/fs/pipe-max-size sysctl that is 1MB by default, so only the
root user will be able to trigger vmalloc allocations.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220104171058.22580-1-avagin@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Safonov <0x7f454c46@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Igor noted in [1] that there are quite a few __setup() handling
functions that return incorrect values. Doing this can be harmless, but
it can also cause strings to be added to init's argument or environment
list, polluting them.
Since __setup() handling and return values are not documented, first add
documentation for that. Also add more documentation for early_param()
handling and return values.
For __setup() functions, returning 0 (not handled) has questionable
value if it is just a malformed option value, as in
rodata=junk
since returning 0 would just cause "rodata=junk" to be added to init's
environment unnecessarily:
Run /sbin/init as init process
with arguments:
/sbin/init
with environment:
HOME=/
TERM=linux
splash=native
rodata=junk
Also, there are no recommendations on whether to print a warning when an
unknown parameter value is seen. I am not addressing that here.
[1] lore.kernel.org/r/64644a2f-4a20-bab3-1e15-3b2cdd0defe3@omprussia.ru
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220221050852.1147-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reported-by: Igor Zhbanov <i.zhbanov@omprussia.ru>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 0ee3e7b889 ("checkpatch: get default codespell dictionary path
from package location") introduced the ability to search for the
codespell dictionary rather than hardcoding its path.
codespell requires Python 3.6 or above, but on some systems, the python
executable is a Python 2.7 interpreter. In this case, searching for the
dictionary fails, subsequently making codespell fail:
No codespell typos will be found - file '/usr/share/codespell/dictionary.txt': No such file or directory
So, use python3 to remove ambiguity.
In addition, when searching for dictionary.txt, do not check if the
codespell executable exists since,
- checkpatch.pl only uses dictionary.txt, not the codespell
executable.
- codespell can be installed via a Python package manager, in which
case the codespell executable may not be present in a typical $PATH,
but a dictionary does exist.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220309180048.147672-1-sagarmp@cs.unc.edu
Signed-off-by: Sagar Patel <sagarmp@cs.unc.edu>
Reviewed-by: Peter Ujfalusi <peter.ujfalusi@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix kernel-doc warings in lib/bitmap.c:
lib/bitmap.c:498: warning: Function parameter or member 'buf' not described in 'bitmap_print_to_buf'
lib/bitmap.c:498: warning: Function parameter or member 'maskp' not described in 'bitmap_print_to_buf'
lib/bitmap.c:498: warning: Function parameter or member 'nmaskbits' not described in 'bitmap_print_to_buf'
lib/bitmap.c:498: warning: Function parameter or member 'off' not described in 'bitmap_print_to_buf'
lib/bitmap.c:498: warning: Function parameter or member 'count' not described in 'bitmap_print_to_buf'
lib/bitmap.c:561: warning: contents before sections
lib/bitmap.c:606: warning: Function parameter or member 'buf' not described in 'bitmap_print_list_to_buf'
lib/bitmap.c:606: warning: Function parameter or member 'maskp' not described in 'bitmap_print_list_to_buf'
lib/bitmap.c:606: warning: Function parameter or member 'nmaskbits' not described in 'bitmap_print_list_to_buf'
lib/bitmap.c:606: warning: Function parameter or member 'off' not described in 'bitmap_print_list_to_buf'
lib/bitmap.c:606: warning: Function parameter or member 'count' not described in 'bitmap_print_list_to_buf'
lib/bitmap.c:819: warning: missing initial short description on line:
* bitmap_parselist_user()
This still leaves 15 warnings for function return values not described,
similar to this one:
bitmap.c:890: warning: No description found for return value of 'bitmap_parse'
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220306065823.5153-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
Fixes: 1fae562983 ("cpumask: introduce cpumap_print_list/bitmask_to_buf to support large bitmask and list")
Fixes: 4b060420a5 ("bitmap, irq: add smp_affinity_list interface to /proc/irq")
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Tian Tao <tiantao6@hisilicon.com>
Cc: Mike Travis <mike.travis@hpe.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Building a kernel with CONFIG_CC_OPTIMISE_FOR_SIZE leads to
__ilog2_u32() being duplicated 50 times and __ilog2_u64() 3 times in
vmlinux on a tiny powerpc32 config.
__ilog2_u32() being 2 instructions it is not worth being kept out of
line, so force inlining. Allthough the u64 version is a bit bigger,
there is still a small benefit in keeping it inlined. On a 64 bits
config there's a real benefit.
With this change the size of vmlinux text is reduced by 1 kbytes, which
is approx 50% more than the size of the removed functions.
Before the patch there is for instance:
c00d2a94 <__ilog2_u32>:
c00d2a94: 7c 63 00 34 cntlzw r3,r3
c00d2a98: 20 63 00 1f subfic r3,r3,31
c00d2a9c: 4e 80 00 20 blr
c00d36d8 <__order_base_2>:
c00d36d8: 28 03 00 01 cmplwi r3,1
c00d36dc: 40 81 00 2c ble c00d3708 <__order_base_2+0x30>
c00d36e0: 94 21 ff f0 stwu r1,-16(r1)
c00d36e4: 7c 08 02 a6 mflr r0
c00d36e8: 38 63 ff ff addi r3,r3,-1
c00d36ec: 90 01 00 14 stw r0,20(r1)
c00d36f0: 4b ff f3 a5 bl c00d2a94 <__ilog2_u32>
c00d36f4: 80 01 00 14 lwz r0,20(r1)
c00d36f8: 38 63 00 01 addi r3,r3,1
c00d36fc: 7c 08 03 a6 mtlr r0
c00d3700: 38 21 00 10 addi r1,r1,16
c00d3704: 4e 80 00 20 blr
c00d3708: 38 60 00 00 li r3,0
c00d370c: 4e 80 00 20 blr
With the patch it has become:
c00d356c <__order_base_2>:
c00d356c: 28 03 00 01 cmplwi r3,1
c00d3570: 40 81 00 14 ble c00d3584 <__order_base_2+0x18>
c00d3574: 38 63 ff ff addi r3,r3,-1
c00d3578: 7c 63 00 34 cntlzw r3,r3
c00d357c: 20 63 00 20 subfic r3,r3,32
c00d3580: 4e 80 00 20 blr
c00d3584: 38 60 00 00 li r3,0
c00d3588: 4e 80 00 20 blr
No more need for __order_base_2() to setup a stack frame and
save/restore caller address. And the following 'add 1' is
merged in the subtract.
Another typical use of it:
c080ff28 <hugepagesz_setup>:
...
c080fff8: 7f c3 f3 78 mr r3,r30
c080fffc: 4b 8f 81 f1 bl c01081ec <__ilog2_u32>
c0810000: 38 63 ff f2 addi r3,r3,-14
...
Becomes
c080ff1c <hugepagesz_setup>:
...
c080ffec: 7f c3 00 34 cntlzw r3,r30
c080fff0: 20 63 00 11 subfic r3,r3,17
...
Here no need to move r30 argument to r3 then substract 14 to result. Just
work on r30 and merge the 'sub 14' with the 'sub from 31'.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/803a2ac3d923ebcfd0dd40f5886b05cae7bb0aba.1644243860.git.christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
(1) compiler_types.h is unconditionally included via an -include flag
(see scripts/Makefile.lib), and it defines __compiler_offsetof
unconditionally. So testing for definedness of __compiler_offsetof is
mostly pointless.
(2) Every relevant compiler provides __builtin_offsetof (even sparse
has had that for 14 years), and if for whatever reason one would end
up picking up the poor man's fallback definition (C file compiler with
completely custom CFLAGS?), newer clang versions won't treat the
result as an Integer Constant Expression, so if used in place where
such is required (static initializer or static_assert), one would get
errors like
t.c:11:16: error: static_assert expression is not an integral constant expression
t.c:11:16: note: cast that performs the conversions of a reinterpret_cast is not allowed in a constant expression
t.c:4:33: note: expanded from macro 'offsetof'
#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t)&((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)
So just define offsetof unconditionally and directly in terms of
__builtin_offsetof.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220202102147.326672-1-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
