commit eafb27fa52 upstream.
Mediatek Preloader is a proprietary embedded boot loader for loading
Little Kernel and Linux into device DRAM.
This boot loader also handle firmware update. Mediatek Preloader will be
enumerated as a virtual COM port when the device is connected to Windows
or Linux OS via CDC-ACM class driver. When the USB enumeration has been
done, Mediatek Preloader will send out handshake command "READY" to PC
actively instead of waiting command from the download tool.
Since Linux 4.12, the commit "tty: reset termios state on device
registration" (93857edd98) causes Mediatek
Preloader receiving some abnoraml command like "READYXX" as it sent.
This will be recognized as an incorrect response. The behavior change
also causes the download handshake fail. This change only affects
subsequent connects if the reconnected device happens to get the same minor
number.
By disabling the ECHO termios flag could avoid this problem. However, it
cannot be done by user space configuration when download tool open
/dev/ttyACM0. This is because the device running Mediatek Preloader will
send handshake command "READY" immediately once the CDC-ACM driver is
ready.
This patch wants to fix above problem by introducing "DISABLE_ECHO"
property in driver_info. When Mediatek Preloader is connected, the
CDC-ACM driver could disable ECHO flag in termios to avoid the problem.
Signed-off-by: Macpaul Lin <macpaul.lin@mediatek.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 63529eaa61 upstream.
The cdc-acm kernel module currently does not support the Hiro (Conexant)
H05228 USB modem. The patch below adds the device specific information:
idVendor 0x0572
idProduct 0x1349
Signed-off-by: Maarten Jacobs <maarten256@outlook.com>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit f976d0e574 upstream.
The usb standard ("Universal Serial Bus Class Definitions for Communication
Devices") distiguishes between "consistent signals" (DSR, DCD), and
"irregular signals" (break, ring, parity error, framing error, overrun).
The bits of "irregular signals" are set, if this error/event occurred on
the device side and are immeadeatly unset, if the serial state notification
was sent.
Like other drivers of real serial ports do, just the occurence of those
events should be counted in serial_icounter_struct (but no 1->0
transitions).
Signed-off-by: Tobias Herzog <t-herzog@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit e871db8d78 upstream.
This reverts commit 6e22e3af7b.
The bug the patch describes to, has been already fixed in commit
2df6948428 ("USB: cdc-wdm: don't enable interrupts in USB-giveback")
so need to this, revert it.
Fixes: 6e22e3af7b ("usb: cdc-wdm: Fix a sleep-in-atomic-context bug in service_outstanding_interrupt()")
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit df3aa13c7b upstream.
This reverts commit a81cf9799a.
The patch causes a regression, which I cannot find the reason for.
So let's revert for now, as a revert hurts only performance.
Original report:
I was trying to resolve the problem with Oliver but we don't get any conclusion
for 5 months, so I am now sending this to mail list and cdc_acm authors.
I am using simple request-response protocol to obtain the boiller parameters
in constant intervals.
A simple one transaction is:
1. opening the /dev/ttyACM0
2. sending the following 10-bytes request to the device:
unsigned char req[] = {0x02, 0xfe, 0x01, 0x05, 0x08, 0x02, 0x01, 0x69, 0xab, 0x03};
3. reading response (frame of 74 bytes length).
4. closing the descriptor
I am doing this transaction with 5 seconds intervals.
Before the bad commit everything was working correctly: I've got a requests and
a responses in a timely manner.
After the bad commit more time I am using the kernel module, more problems I have.
The graph [2] is showing the problem.
As you can see after module load all seems fine but after about 30 minutes I've got
a plenty of EAGAINs when doing read()'s and trying to read back the data.
When I rmmod and insmod the cdc_acm module again, then the situation is starting
over again: running ok shortly after load, and more time it is running, more EAGAINs
I have when calling read().
As a bonus I can see the problem on the device itself:
The device is configured as you can see here on this screen [3].
It has two transmision LEDs: TX and RX. Blink duration is set for 100ms.
This is a recording before the bad commit when all is working fine: [4]
And this is with the bad commit: [5]
As you can see the TX led is blinking wrongly long (indicating transmission?)
and I have problems doing read() calls (EAGAIN).
Reported-by: Mariusz Bialonczyk <manio@skyboo.net>
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Fixes: a81cf9799a ("cdc-acm: implement put_char() and flush_chars()")
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 6e22e3af7b upstream.
wdm_in_callback() is a completion handler function for the USB driver.
So it should not sleep. But it calls service_outstanding_interrupt(),
which calls usb_submit_urb() with GFP_KERNEL.
To fix this bug, GFP_KERNEL is replaced with GFP_ATOMIC.
This bug is found by my static analysis tool DSAC.
Signed-off-by: Jia-Ju Bai <baijiaju1990@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit df1cc78a52 upstream.
This devices drops random bytes from messages if you talk to it
too fast.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit f0386c083c upstream.
When disconnected sometimes the cdc-acm driver logs errors like these:
[20278.039417] cdc_acm 2-2:2.1: urb 9 failed submission with -19
[20278.042924] cdc_acm 2-2:2.1: urb 10 failed submission with -19
[20278.046449] cdc_acm 2-2:2.1: urb 11 failed submission with -19
[20278.049920] cdc_acm 2-2:2.1: urb 12 failed submission with -19
[20278.053442] cdc_acm 2-2:2.1: urb 13 failed submission with -19
[20278.056915] cdc_acm 2-2:2.1: urb 14 failed submission with -19
[20278.060418] cdc_acm 2-2:2.1: urb 15 failed submission with -19
Silence these by not logging errors when the result is -ENODEV.
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 765fb2f181 upstream.
Elatec TWN3 has the union descriptor on data interface. This results in
failure to bind the device to the driver with the following log:
usb 1-1.2: new full speed USB device using streamplug-ehci and address 4
usb 1-1.2: New USB device found, idVendor=09d8, idProduct=0320
usb 1-1.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
usb 1-1.2: Product: RFID Device (COM)
usb 1-1.2: Manufacturer: OEM
cdc_acm 1-1.2:1.0: Zero length descriptor references
cdc_acm: probe of 1-1.2:1.0 failed with error -22
Adding the NO_UNION_NORMAL quirk for the device fixes the issue.
`lsusb -v` of the device:
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 09d8:0320
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 2.00
bDeviceClass 2 Communications
bDeviceSubClass 0
bDeviceProtocol 0
bMaxPacketSize0 32
idVendor 0x09d8
idProduct 0x0320
bcdDevice 3.00
iManufacturer 1 OEM
iProduct 2 RFID Device (COM)
iSerial 0
bNumConfigurations 1
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 67
bNumInterfaces 2
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 0
bmAttributes 0x80
(Bus Powered)
MaxPower 250mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 1
bInterfaceClass 2 Communications
bInterfaceSubClass 2 Abstract (modem)
bInterfaceProtocol 1 AT-commands (v.25ter)
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 3
Transfer Type Interrupt
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes
bInterval 2
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 1
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 10 CDC Data
bInterfaceSubClass 0 Unused
bInterfaceProtocol 0
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes
bInterval 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0020 1x 32 bytes
bInterval 0
CDC Header:
bcdCDC 1.10
CDC Call Management:
bmCapabilities 0x03
call management
use DataInterface
bDataInterface 1
CDC ACM:
bmCapabilities 0x06
sends break
line coding and serial state
CDC Union:
bMasterInterface 0
bSlaveInterface 1
Device Status: 0x0000
(Bus Powered)
Signed-off-by: Maksim Salau <msalau@iotecha.com>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 8fec9355a9 upstream.
The driver will forward errors to userspace after turning most of them
into -EIO. But all status codes are not equal. The -EPIPE (stall) in
particular can be seen more as a result of normal USB signaling than
an actual error. The state is automatically cleared by the USB core
without intervention from either driver or userspace.
And most devices and firmwares will never trigger a stall as a result
of GetEncapsulatedResponse. This is in fact a requirement for CDC WDM
devices. Quoting from section 7.1 of the CDC WMC spec revision 1.1:
The function shall not return STALL in response to
GetEncapsulatedResponse.
But this driver is also handling GetEncapsulatedResponse on behalf of
the qmi_wwan and cdc_mbim drivers. Unfortunately the relevant specs
are not as clear wrt stall. So some QMI and MBIM devices *will*
occasionally stall, causing the GetEncapsulatedResponse to return an
-EPIPE status. Translating this into -EIO for userspace has proven to
be harmful. Treating it as an empty read is safer, making the driver
behave as if the device was conforming to the CDC WDM spec.
There have been numerous reports of issues related to -EPIPE errors
from some newer CDC MBIM devices in particular, like for example the
Fibocom L831-EAU. Testing on this device has shown that the issues
go away if we simply ignore the -EPIPE status. Similar handling of
-EPIPE is already known from e.g. usb_get_string()
The -EPIPE log message is still kept to let us track devices with this
unexpected behaviour, hoping that it attracts attention from firmware
developers.
Bugzilla: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=100938
Reported-and-tested-by: Christian Ehrig <christian.ehrig@mediamarktsaturn-bt.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Patrick Chilton <chpatrick@gmail.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Andreas Böhler <news@aboehler.at>
Signed-off-by: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 1bb9914e17 upstream.
Notifications may only be 8 bytes long. Accessing the 9th and
10th byte of unimplemented/unknown notifications may be insecure.
Also check the length of known notifications before accessing anything
behind the 8th byte.
Signed-off-by: Tobias Herzog <t-herzog@gmx.de>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 1944581699 upstream.
This reverts commit 833415a3e7 ("cdc-wdm: fix "out-of-sync" due to
missing notifications")
There have been several reports of wdm_read returning unexpected EIO
errors with QMI devices using the qmi_wwan driver. The reporters
confirm that reverting prevents these errors. I have been unable to
reproduce the bug myself, and have no explanation to offer either. But
reverting is the safe choice here, given that the commit was an
attempt to work around a firmware problem. Living with a firmware
problem is still better than adding driver bugs.
Reported-by: Kasper Holtze <kasper@holtze.dk>
Reported-by: Aleksander Morgado <aleksander@aleksander.es>
Reported-by: Daniele Palmas <dnlplm@gmail.com>
Fixes: 833415a3e7 ("cdc-wdm: fix "out-of-sync" due to missing notifications")
Signed-off-by: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 2e47c53503 upstream.
Make sure to initialise the return value to avoid having allocation
failures going unnoticed when allocating interrupt-endpoint resources.
This prevents use-after-free or worse when the device is later unbound.
Fixes: dbf3e7f654 ("Implement an ioctl to support the USMTMC-USB488 READ_STATUS_BYTE operation.")
Cc: Dave Penkler <dpenkler@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 687e0687f7 upstream.
USBTMC devices are required to have a bulk-in and a bulk-out endpoint,
but the driver failed to verify this, something which could lead to the
endpoint addresses being taken from uninitialised memory.
Make sure to zero all private data as part of allocation, and add the
missing endpoint sanity check.
Note that this also addresses a more recently introduced issue, where
the interrupt-in-presence flag would also be uninitialised whenever the
optional interrupt-in endpoint is not present. This in turn could lead
to an interrupt urb being allocated, initialised and submitted based on
uninitialised values.
Fixes: dbf3e7f654 ("Implement an ioctl to support the USMTMC-USB488 READ_STATUS_BYTE operation.")
Fixes: 5b775f672c ("USB: add USB test and measurement class driver")
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The TIOCMIWAIT implementation would return -EINVAL if any of the three
supported signals were included in the mask.
Instead of returning an error in case TIOCM_CTS is included, simply
drop the mask check completely, which is in accordance with how other
drivers implement this ioctl.
Fixes: 5a6a62bdb9 ("cdc-acm: add TIOCMIWAIT")
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
variable struct usb_cdc_parsed_header h may be used
uninitialized in acm_probe.
In kernel 4.8.
/* handle quirks deadly to normal probing*/
if (quirks == NO_UNION_NORMAL)
...
goto skip_normal_probe;
}
we bypass call to
cdc_parse_cdc_header(&h, intf, buffer, buflen);
but later use h in
if (h.usb_cdc_country_functional_desc) { /* export the country data */
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Victor Sologoubov <victor0@rambler.ru>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This reverts commit e6c7efdcb7.
Turns out it was totally wrong. The memory is supposed to be bound to
the kref, as the original code was doing correctly, not the
device/driver binding as the devm_kzalloc() would cause.
This fixes an oops when read would be called after the device was
unbound from the driver.
Reported-by: Ladislav Michl <ladis@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.12+
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This should fix the last holes against malicious devices
still open in cdc-acm. It cannot go into stable due to
the introduction of the common parser.
The fix for stable already merged also covers the problems this patch
fixes.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Further cleanup making the debug messages more precise, useful
and removing mere trace points.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Some debug messages merely provide a function trace without
additional debug data. They predate ftrace and can be replaced
by it. Drop them without replacement.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Dynamic debugging will already add the function (and the line number)
to a debug message if one requests that. It makes no sense to add
them unconditionally in a driver.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Implemented queued response handling. This queue is processed every time the
WDM_READ flag is cleared.
In case of a read error, userspace may not actually read the data, since the
driver returns an error through wdm_poll. After this, the underlying device may
attempt to send us more data, but the queue is not processed. While userspace is
also blocked, because the read error is never cleared.
After this patch, we proactively process the queue on a read error. If there was
an outstanding response to handle, that will clear the error (or go through the
same logic again, if another read error occurs). If there was no outstanding
response, this will bring the queue size back to 0, unblocking a future response
from the underlying device.
Signed-off-by: Robert Foss <robert.foss@collabora.com>
Tested-by: Robert Foss <robert.foss@collabora.com>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The driver enforces a strict one-to-one relationship between the
received RESPONSE_AVAILABLE notifications and messages read from
the device. At the same time, it will cancel the interrupt URB
when there is no client holding the character device open.
Many devices do not cope well with this behaviour. They maintain
a FIFO queue of messages, and send notifications on a best effort
basis. Messages are queued regardless of whether the notification
is successful or not. So if the driver loses a single notification,
which can easily happen when the interrupt URB is cancelled, then
the device and driver becomes out-of-sync. New messages end up
at the end of the queue, while the associated notification makes
the driver read only the first message from the queue.
This state is permanent from a user point of view. There is no
no way to flush the device queue without resetting the device or
using another driver.
The problem is easy to hit with current QMI and MBIM command line
tools, which typically close the character device after seeing
the reply they expect. Any pending unsolicited messages from the
device will then trigger the driver bug.
Fix by always reading all queued messages from the device when
the notification URB is first submitted. This is expected to
end with an -EPIPE status when there are no more pending
messages, so demote the printk associated with -EPIPE to debug
level.
The workaround has been tested on a large number of different MBIM
and QMI devices, as well as the Ericsson F5521gw and H5321gw modems
with real Device Management functions.
Signed-off-by: Bjørn Mork <bjorn@mork.no>
Acked-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This removes some overly long lines by renaming variables and giving
them local scope.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Now that the common parser resides in USB core, it can
be used for CDC-WDM.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <ONeukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This introduces the common parser for extra CDC headers now that it no longer
depends on usbnet.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <ONeukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Replace ASYNC_INITIALIZED bit in the tty_port::flags field with
TTY_PORT_INITIALIZED bit in the tty_port::iflags field. Introduce helpers
tty_port_set_initialized() and tty_port_initialized() to abstract
atomic bit ops.
Note: the transforms for test_and_set_bit() and test_and_clear_bit()
are unnecessary as the state transitions are already mutually exclusive;
the tty lock prevents concurrent open/close/hangup.
Signed-off-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Under some circumstances acm_tty_flush_chars() is called
with no buffer to flush. We simply need to do nothing.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <ONeukum@suse.com>
Reported-by: Torsten Hilbrich <torsten.hilbrich@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
An attack has become available which pretends to be a quirky
device circumventing normal sanity checks and crashes the kernel
by an insufficient number of interfaces. This patch adds a check
to the code path for quirky devices.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <ONeukum@suse.com>
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
When the device is disconnected poll waiters were not being woken.
Changes for v2:
- add commit summary
- add Fixes and Reported-by tags
Fixes: eb6b92ecc0 ("Add support for receiving USBTMC USB488 SRQ notifications via poll/select")
Reported-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Penkler <dpenkler@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This should cut down latencies and waste if the tty layer writes single bytes.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum >oneukum@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
These ioctls provide support for the USBTMC-USB488 control requests
for REN_CONTROL, GO_TO_LOCAL and LOCAL_LOCKOUT
Signed-off-by: Dave Penkler <dpenkler@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This is a convenience function to obtain an instrument's
capabilities from its file descriptor without having to access sysfs
from the user program.
Signed-off-by: Dave Penkler <dpenkler@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Background:
In many situations operations on multiple instruments need to be
synchronized. poll/select provide a convenient way of waiting on a
number of different instruments and other peripherals
simultaneously.
Signed-off-by: Dave Penkler <dpenkler@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Background:
By configuring an instrument's event status register various
conditions can be reported via an SRQ notification. This complements
the synchronous polling approach using the READ_STATUS_BYTE ioctl
with an asynchronous notification.
Signed-off-by: Dave Penkler <dpenkler@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Background:
When performing a read on an instrument that is executing a function
that runs longer than the USB timeout the instrument may hang and
require a device reset to recover. The READ_STATUS_BYTE operation
always returns even when the instrument is busy permitting to poll
for the appropriate condition. This capability is referred to in
instrument application notes on synchronizing acquisitions for other
platforms.
Signed-off-by: Dave Penkler <dpenkler@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
