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We may call arm64_apply_bp_hardening() early during entry (e.g. in el0_ia()) before it is safe to run instrumented code. Unfortunately this may result in running instrumented code in two cases: * The hardening callbacks called by arm64_apply_bp_hardening() are not marked as `noinstr`, and have been observed to be instrumented when compiled with either GCC or LLVM. * Since arm64_apply_bp_hardening() itself is only marked as `inline` rather than `__always_inline`, it is possible that the compiler decides to place it out-of-line, whereupon it may be instrumented. For example, with defconfig built with clang 13.0.0, call_hvc_arch_workaround_1() is compiled as: | <call_hvc_arch_workaround_1>: | d503233f paciasp | f81f0ffe str x30, [sp, #-16]! | 320183e0 mov w0, #0x80008000 | d503201f nop | d4000002 hvc #0x0 | f84107fe ldr x30, [sp], #16 | d50323bf autiasp | d65f03c0 ret ... but when CONFIG_FTRACE=y and CONFIG_KCOV=y this is compiled as: | <call_hvc_arch_workaround_1>: | d503245f bti c | d503201f nop | d503201f nop | d503233f paciasp | a9bf7bfd stp x29, x30, [sp, #-16]! | 910003fd mov x29, sp | 94000000 bl 0 <__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc> | 320183e0 mov w0, #0x80008000 | d503201f nop | d4000002 hvc #0x0 | a8c17bfd ldp x29, x30, [sp], #16 | d50323bf autiasp | d65f03c0 ret ... with a patchable function entry registered with ftrace, and a direct call to __sanitizer_cov_trace_pc(). Neither of these are safe early during entry sequences. This patch avoids the unsafe instrumentation by marking arm64_apply_bp_hardening() as `__always_inline` and by marking the hardening functions as `noinstr`. This avoids the potential for instrumentation, and causes clang to consistently generate the function as with the defconfig sample. Note: in the defconfig compilation, when CONFIG_SVE=y, x30 is spilled to the stack without being placed in a frame record, which will result in a missing entry if call_hvc_arch_workaround_1() is backtraced. Similar is true of qcom_link_stack_sanitisation(), where inline asm spills the LR to a GPR prior to corrupting it. This is not a significant issue presently as we will only backtrace here if an exception is taken, and in such cases we may omit entries for other reasons today. The relevant hardening functions were introduced in commits:ec82b567a7("arm64: Implement branch predictor hardening for Falkor")b092201e00("arm64: Add ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1 BP hardening support") ... and these were subsequently moved in commit:d4647f0a2a("arm64: Rewrite Spectre-v2 mitigation code") The arm64_apply_bp_hardening() function was introduced in commit:0f15adbb28("arm64: Add skeleton to harden the branch predictor against aliasing attacks") ... and was subsequently moved and reworked in commit:6279017e80("KVM: arm64: Move BP hardening helpers into spectre.h") Bug: 254441685 Fixes:ec82b567a7("arm64: Implement branch predictor hardening for Falkor") Fixes:b092201e00("arm64: Add ARM_SMCCC_ARCH_WORKAROUND_1 BP hardening support") Fixes:d4647f0a2a("arm64: Rewrite Spectre-v2 mitigation code") Fixes:0f15adbb28("arm64: Add skeleton to harden the branch predictor against aliasing attacks") Fixes:6279017e80("KVM: arm64: Move BP hardening helpers into spectre.h") Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com> Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Acked-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220224181028.512873-1-mark.rutland@arm.com Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> (cherry picked from commit614c0b9fee) Signed-off-by: Lee Jones <joneslee@google.com> Change-Id: I0515fc8f9e2c5f0406fd66ce6d9b1c82aab2c37e
How do I submit patches to Android Common Kernels
-
BEST: Make all of your changes to upstream Linux. If appropriate, backport to the stable releases. These patches will be merged automatically in the corresponding common kernels. If the patch is already in upstream Linux, post a backport of the patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.
- Do not send patches upstream that contain only symbol exports. To be considered for upstream Linux,
additions of
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL()require an in-tree modular driver that uses the symbol -- so include the new driver or changes to an existing driver in the same patchset as the export. - When sending patches upstream, the commit message must contain a clear case for why the patch is needed and beneficial to the community. Enabling out-of-tree drivers or functionality is not not a persuasive case.
- Do not send patches upstream that contain only symbol exports. To be considered for upstream Linux,
additions of
-
LESS GOOD: Develop your patches out-of-tree (from an upstream Linux point-of-view). Unless these are fixing an Android-specific bug, these are very unlikely to be accepted unless they have been coordinated with kernel-team@android.com. If you want to proceed, post a patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.
Common Kernel patch requirements
- All patches must conform to the Linux kernel coding standards and pass
script/checkpatch.pl - Patches shall not break gki_defconfig or allmodconfig builds for arm, arm64, x86, x86_64 architectures (see https://source.android.com/setup/build/building-kernels)
- If the patch is not merged from an upstream branch, the subject must be tagged with the type of patch:
UPSTREAM:,BACKPORT:,FROMGIT:,FROMLIST:, orANDROID:. - All patches must have a
Change-Id:tag (see https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/Documentation/user-changeid.html) - If an Android bug has been assigned, there must be a
Bug:tag. - All patches must have a
Signed-off-by:tag by the author and the submitter
Additional requirements are listed below based on patch type
Requirements for backports from mainline Linux: UPSTREAM:, BACKPORT:
- If the patch is a cherry-pick from Linux mainline with no changes at all
- tag the patch subject with
UPSTREAM:. - add upstream commit information with a
(cherry picked from commit ...)line - Example:
- if the upstream commit message is
- tag the patch subject with
important patch from upstream
This is the detailed description of the important patch
Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
- then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as
UPSTREAM: important patch from upstream
This is the detailed description of the important patch
Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
Bug: 135791357
Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
(cherry picked from commit c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
- If the patch requires any changes from the upstream version, tag the patch with
BACKPORT:instead ofUPSTREAM:.- use the same tags as
UPSTREAM: - add comments about the changes under the
(cherry picked from commit ...)line - Example:
- use the same tags as
BACKPORT: important patch from upstream
This is the detailed description of the important patch
Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
Bug: 135791357
Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
(cherry picked from commit c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
[joe: Resolved minor conflict in drivers/foo/bar.c ]
Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
Requirements for other backports: FROMGIT:, FROMLIST:,
- If the patch has been merged into an upstream maintainer tree, but has not yet
been merged into Linux mainline
- tag the patch subject with
FROMGIT: - add info on where the patch came from as
(cherry picked from commit <sha1> <repo> <branch>). This must be a stable maintainer branch (not rebased, so don't uselinux-nextfor example). - if changes were required, use
BACKPORT: FROMGIT: - Example:
- if the commit message in the maintainer tree is
- tag the patch subject with
important patch from upstream
This is the detailed description of the important patch
Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
- then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as
FROMGIT: important patch from upstream
This is the detailed description of the important patch
Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
Bug: 135791357
(cherry picked from commit 878a2fd9de10b03d11d2f622250285c7e63deace
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/foo/bar.git test-branch)
Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
- If the patch has been submitted to LKML, but not accepted into any maintainer tree
- tag the patch subject with
FROMLIST: - add a
Link:tag with a link to the submittal on lore.kernel.org - add a
Bug:tag with the Android bug (required for patches not accepted into a maintainer tree) - if changes were required, use
BACKPORT: FROMLIST: - Example:
- tag the patch subject with
FROMLIST: important patch from upstream
This is the detailed description of the important patch
Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
Bug: 135791357
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190619171517.GA17557@someone.com/
Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
Requirements for Android-specific patches: ANDROID:
- If the patch is fixing a bug to Android-specific code
- tag the patch subject with
ANDROID: - add a
Fixes:tag that cites the patch with the bug - Example:
- tag the patch subject with
ANDROID: fix android-specific bug in foobar.c
This is the detailed description of the important fix
Fixes: 1234abcd2468 ("foobar: add cool feature")
Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
- If the patch is a new feature
- tag the patch subject with
ANDROID: - add a
Bug:tag with the Android bug (required for android-specific features)
- tag the patch subject with